Analysis of the story of "Orphan" by Al-Manflouti, based on Norman Fairclough Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis

Fairclough critical discourse analysis is a coherent, comprehensive, and widely used theory Which shows that a text in its lower layers is influenced by sociological, ideological, philosophical, historical and social issues. This view seeks to identify the causes of cultural and social changes in the contemporary world by looking at the texts scientifically and practicall. The goal of discourse is to maintain the status quo, build, break, and even rebuild communities. Based on Fairclough theory, this study examines the short story "Orphan" by Al-Manflouti in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results show that at the level of description, the author seeks to better establish his thought in the mind of the audience by using expressive techniques such as prostration, contradiction and synonymy. At the level of interpretation, intertextual application and elements of verbal semiotics, etc. have been effective in drawing the context of the existing situation. At the level of explanation, it can be said that on the one hand the social poverty in the society and on the other hand the ideological poverty caused by the unhealthy thoughts of some influential characters in the story is one of the most important reasons for the formation of the existing discourse.Moving away from the traditional style and raising issues of this kind and highlighting them has sought to direct dynamic ideas towards discovering solutions to such harms. Manflouti looks at poverty and social ills like it with deep emotion, and at the same time criticizes the current state of Egyptian society through descriptions and scenes, and the prevailing ideology and misconceptions that marginalize the educated. Poor because the protagonist turns, runs.