Exploring the Moderation Theory Regarding the Extent of Infallible Imam's Knowledge: A Critical Analysis of Alternative Theological Perspectives in Light of Quran and Hadiths

The extent of Infallible (Masum) Imam's Knowledge has been a subject of debate among theologians, resulting in the proposal of various theories. These theories can generally be classified into three categories: extremist, shortsighted, and non-independent. However, none of these theories align completely with the verses and hadiths, necessitating the search for a moderate theory that harmonizes with the apparent meanings of these sources. This research employs information collection, analysis, and comparison to explore the theories proposed by theologians and their respective challenges. Subsequently, the moderation theory is presented in detail.