Identification, density and physio-graphic characteristics of Dolans in different altitude classes (Zagros karst areas)

Doline is one of the most characteristic and basic surface and morphological forms of karst, as a result of the chemical effect of water on limestone that occurs in different shapes and sizes. Dolines differ in morphological characteristics. In the present study, after identifying the valleys in the karst areas of the Zagros, their dispersion and change of morphological characteristics such as length, width, area and depth in relation to altitude and climate, citing documentary sources such as geological maps 1: 100000, digital elevation model layer with strength 12.5 m resolution, satellite imagery, 1: 50,000 topographic maps, and 49-year-old Esfzari temperature and precipitation databases were analyzed in Arc GIS, Mapper Global, and Excel software. The study of different parameters of Zagros valleys in different altitudes and climates indicates that their shape and depth have been affected by Quaternary climate change. At lower altitudes, where water is more involved in dissolution than low temperatures, the dolines are nearly circular in shape and stretch at higher altitudes and the lower the temperature and the greater the likelihood of the doline turning into a glacial-doline circus, the more elongated the doline becomes. The compression coefficient of the dolines also indicates that their elongation and length increase with increasing height; in this way, at an altitude distance of 500-1000 meters, the ratio of circles for every 1000m increase in height increases by 0.8 and the compression coefficient decreases by 0.9. At an altitude distance of 1000-2000m, with each increase of 100m, the ratio of circles is 0.44 and the compression coefficient is 0.1. In the 3700-3000m floor, the circular ratio decreases by 1.2 with each elevation of 1000m, and the compaction increases by 1.3.