Comparing the effect of hydrazone derivative 2-phenylthiobenzoic acid as a new anti-inflammatory with mefenamic acid on liver tissue histology and liver enzymes in Trichogaster trichopterus

The effect of liver ultrastructure and changes of liver enzymes with hydrazone derivative 2-phenylthiobenzoic acid as a new anti-inflammatory and its comparison with mefenamic acid was investigated in three spotted gourami fish.

120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus female fish with an average weight of 1.93 ± 0.43 g were purchased from from ornamental fish farm and divided into eight groups of 15 including the intact control group, DMSO solvent control, six treatment groups receiving mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative with a dose of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Data analysis was done using SPSS26 software with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at P≥0.05.

The results showed that in the highest dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative, the hepatosomatic index decreased significantly compared to the control treatments (P<0.05). ALP and ALT increased significantly in all mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative treatments compared to control treatments (P<0.05). The highest ALT was measured in medium dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative and the highest AST was measured in low dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative (P<0.05). Liver histology with optical microscope showed that in the control treatments, liver sinusoids had a normal shape and a normal trend, while in the treatments of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative, expansion and disorder of the sinusoids occurred. In the examination of the electron microscope, dissociation was observed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the treatments of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative.

both Mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative cause liver damage. In all three doses, mefenamic acid has more tissue and cell damage than the hydrazone derivative, and the hydrazone derivative is more favorable in terms of toxic profile.