The Effect of EDTA on the Ability to Absorb Different Concentrations of Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in Soil by Corn Plants

The use of resistant and widely used species such as corn in agriculture and industry can be an effective solution for the bioremediation of soil pollutants, including heavy elements. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of EDTA on the ability to absorb different concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of corn plants in 2019.

This research was conducted as a three-factor pilot design at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the greenhouse. The samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption device. The laboratory pilot design was based on Taguchi’s algorithm. Finally, transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) were calculated.

The results showed that different organs (root, stem, and leaf) show different levels of bioaccumulation under the influence of variable factors in different concentrations of heavy elements (nickel, cadmium, and lead). Also, there is a significant difference between the measured amounts of heavy elements in different organs of the corn plant (P ≤ 0.05). The average TF levels for elements at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg were 0.79 and 1.66 for nickel, 0.82 and 0.78 for cadmium and 1.361, 1.378, and 1.387 for lead. Based on the results, with the increase in nickel concentration, the absorption level increased, and with the increase in cadmium concentration, the absorption level decreased.

The results of this research showed that it is possible to use EDTA to increase the efficiency of corn plants in absorbing heavy elements of nickel, cadmium, and lead.