The Use of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in Water Disinfection in Aquaculture Systems and the Effects of Its Release in the Environment

The present research was conducted in order to investigate the role of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in water disinfection in aquaculture systems and also the environmental effects caused by its release in the environment. The literature review showed that very few studies have been recorded about the antiviral effects of silver nanoparticles in aquaculture systems. Meanwhile, silver nanoparticles showed positive effects against many bacterial pathogens such as Aeromonas and Vibrio as well as fungal agents such as Aspergillus and Candida. Since the mentioned microbial strains are among the most important and common pathogenic agents in Iran's breeding systems, the use of silver nanoparticles with the appropriate amount (provided that more than not allowed) can be useful. Examination of various scientific sources showed that the safe and permissible level of silver nanoparticles has been studied in many farmed fish species, including rainbow trout, silver carp, common carp and zebra fish. Considering this issue, breeders can use these substances to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases in breeding systems, considering the safe and permissible level of silver nanoparticles for each aquatic species. Based on the comparisons, the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles are very high among metal nanoparticles. In general, the release of these substances into aquatic ecosystems can affect the health of many aquatic animals, including fish, and even have negative effects on human health due to the transfer of silver nanoparticles in the food chain.