Analyzing gross violations of international environmental rights in Iraq war and Ukraine war

Among the most important wars that have caused severe damage to the environment in the modern era are the Iraq wars and the Russian war against Ukraine, which we have discussed in this research in a descriptive-analytical way.The main question in this research is, what was the legal basis of gross violations of international environmental laws,The findings indicate that the parties involved in these wars have had many illegal activities in harming the environment.The involved countries have violated the rules of armed conflict, such as the principle of proportionality and necessity. Also, during these wars, several million tons of carbon dioxide have been released into space. As a result, regarding the Iraq war, all the environmental damages caused by Iraq such as; The release of oil from tankers in the Persian Gulf and the burning of oil wells in Kuwait were against the rules and regulations of international humanitarian law and Article 22 of Hague IV and the Geneva Conventions. In these conflicts, other cases have also been violated based on the rules of the law of war, including; According to Article 23 (g) of Hague IV, which prohibits the destruction or confiscation of property of the other party, and also Article 55 of Hague IV, which prohibits the occupying party from damaging or destroying real property in the occupied country. Regarding criminal liability, it will be possible to follow up through the amendment of the Statute of the International Criminal Court or the establishment of the Environmental Criminal Court.