Clostridium Bacteria: The Team of Microscopic Oncologists

As we approach the year 2023, the global rise in cancer mortality remains a pressing concern. Recent studies have demonstrated the remarkable potential of bacteria in combating cancer by stimulating the immune system. Exciting evidence suggests that bacterial therapy can revolutionize both the treatment and diagnosis of tumors. To effectively classify and treat tumors, the introduction of obligate or optional anaerobic bacteria into solid tumors may be necessary. Notably, certain strains of Clostridium have proven to be particularly effective in cancer treatment. A fascinating natural phenomenon lies in the ability of Clostridium spores to infiltrate tumors and selectively germinate in hypoxic regions within dense tumors upon injection into a vein. This bacterial invasion directly eliminates tumor cells by enhancing the presence of tumor-specific antigens, enabling the immune system to recognize and attack cancerous cells. Although these bacteria do not directly destroy tumor cells, their activation of the immune system holds great promise for eradicating them. Currently, an extensive range of bacteria is employed for cancer treatment, designing bacteria-carrying pharmaceutical compounds, and facilitating radiotherapy or radiation therapy. Additionally, genetic manipulation techniques can enable bacteria to specifically target tumor tissue and inhibit angiogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the potential advantages of utilizing Clostridium bacteria in cancer medications. Specifically, we explore the abilities of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium novi to induce angiogenesis, provoke immune responses, and operate within oxygen-deprived environments.