Optimal Operation of Distributed Generation in Microgrids in the Presence of Electrical and Thermal Loads Using the Improved Suffeled Frog Leaping Algorithm

In traditional generation systems, about 25% of energy is wasted, and the presence of distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel cell, and the combined heat and power can reduce fuel consumption, pollution, and transmission losses. In this paper, a complete energy management framework in a microgrid is proposed by considering the constraints using Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the exact share of energy production for different units is determined. The proposed scheme is used to select the best arrangement of DERs in the microgrid, the output of which is to determine the number and optimal location of DERs in several bus-bars. Then, the independent system operator determines the quantity of energy exchange and consumption by considering load distribution constraints. Boilers and CHPs have also been used to maintain the balance between the production of thermal power by energy sources and thermal demands. In addition, the Demand Response Program has been used with the aim of smoothing the load curve and of reducing the operating costs. Finally, the proposed method has been implemented and simulated using MATLAB software on a two standards 69-and- 118-bus IEEE system. The comparison of the results with other algorithms showed the accuracy and superiority of the proposed method from the point of view of reducing operating costs.