A review of Double-spiral Pendants Discovered from Iran and Mesopotamia: Focusing on Samples from Nush-i Jan Tepe

Pendants known as double-spiral pendants have been discovered in the archaeological excavations of some sites of Iran and Mesopotamia. So far, there has been no independent research on this kind of pendants and a review of these findings in the present research in terms of gender, dating, use and distribution of their discovery in the two geographical basins above-mentioned can be used in the process of comparative studies, chronology and typology in the future. This and the studies of cultural and commercial exchanges between Iran and Mesopotamia are particularly influential in the field of metalworking art. The required information has been collected by library method and then processed by descriptive-analytical method. The sites of discovery of these pendants is Nush-i Jan Tepe in Malayer, layers II and III of Tepe Hissar in Damghan, layer II of Turang Tepe in Gorgan, Tepe Giyan in Nahavand and Lorestan region in Iran and layer XI of Tepe Gawra, Tell Brak, Ur royal cemetery and Assur tomb number 45 in Mesopotamia. There are also samples kept in the museums of Cincinnati and British, the place of their discovery is unclear. The double-spiral pendants discovered from the above-mentioned are made of gold, silver and copper and belong to the time range of the early 4th millennium to the early 1st millennium AD. It seems that these objects had a ritual and religious use and were used as amulets.