Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Cleome brachycarpa (Forssk.) Vahl ex DC. and Cleome quinquenervia DC

Herbal medicines are now in huge prospects in the developing and developed nation for basic health treatment. They are inexpensive and has minimal side effects. Cleome species are one of the potential sources of secondary metabolites which have high medicinal value and huge utility in healthcare development. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts from various parts of two cleome species named Cleome brachycarpa (Forssk.) Vahl ex DC. and Cleome quinquenervia DC. were investigated. Antibacterial activities were determined using the MIC method against pathogenic bacteria and fungi responsible for common infections and antioxidant effects were determined by DPPH assays. Essential oils of both plants were performed better antimicrobial activities than their extracts. Also, in two tested plant oils and extracts, the antifungal properties showed better performance than antibacterial effects. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, C. quinquenervia leaf and C. brachycarpa flower and oils showed the highest activities with IC50 values of 69 and 75 µg/ml, respectively. In the present study, the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the organs of C. quinquenervia and C. brachycarpa were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 48 compounds were identified in C. quinquenervia essential oil and 19 compounds in C. brachycarpa essential oil. The dominant constituents assessed in the essential oil of C. quinquenervia were p-Caryophylline-(I3) (% 29), Dibutyl phthalate (% 13), β_Element (% 11). In the case of C. brachycarpa, the main components of the total oil were: were Ent-sandaracopimaradien-3β-ol (68.02%), Cembrene (6.98%), Juniper camphor (4.2%).