Mortality in patients with myocardial infarction and potential risk factors: A five-year data analysis

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the most common causes of death in almost all countries across the world. Awareness of risk factors for the management and prevention of the disease can reduce complications and mortality rates. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the mortality and potential risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) as well as their relationships in patients who were admitted to one university hospital in the North of Iran from 2014 to 2018.

This study had retrospective descriptive design. Using a checklist, all necessary information was extracted from 5-year medical records data of MI patients in the university hospital from 2014 to 2018 (n = 564). The data analysis was performed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and two binary logistic regression analyses.

The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 62.78 ± 13.38 years, and most of them were men (66.3%). The patients’ mortality was 18.6% in a 5-year analysis. However, the number of mortalities was higher in the women (P = 0.001). Descriptive analysis showed that the most common risk factors of the disease in both genders were hypertension (46.6%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (38.5%), hyperlipidemia (24.1%), smoking (20%), and family history of CVDs (18.8%), respectively. However, the results of the adjusted regression model showed that the odds ratio (OR) of the patients’ mortality increased in diabetic MI patients (OR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.42-3.81; P = 0.001), but this ratio decreased in MI patients with a history of hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.11-0.44; P ˂ 0.001).

Based on the results, individual- and population-based prevention strategies by focusing on hypertension and diabetes are recommended in our health programs. Surprisingly, the mortality rate of MI patients was lower among those with a history of hyperlipidemia. There are different hypotheses for the cause of this. Therefore, laboratory studies with animal models and prospective cohorts are suggested for future studies.