Investigating the relationship between tropopause temperature and height with climatic changes of surface temperature and precipitation in Iran

The growing need to know the temporal and spatial structure of meteorological parameters in the tropopause transition zone caused the temporal changes of the temperature and height of this layer to be investigated during the last two decades (2002-2022) using the reanalyzed data of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (Aqua, MODIS, ARIS). Also, the relationship between the changes in tropopause characteristics and climate change of temperature and precipitation in Iran was studied using daily precipitation data of GPCP (2000-2022) and minimum, maximum and average daily temperature data of MERRA-2 model (1980-2022). In this regard, Pearson's correlation tests and regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between research variables, and Kendall's seasonal time series and Mann-Kendall's ordinal tests were used to analyze regional mean daily and monthly trends. The results showed that the variables of tropopause temperature and height (TTH) have a negative correlation of 0.93 with each other (R2=0.85). On the other hand, the variable of the regional mean of daily tropopause height (TH) has a significant positive correlation with the variables of the daily earth's surface temperature (with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.8). Also, R2 values higher than 0.6 indicate a completely significant correlation of total monthly precipitation data with changes in monthly mean of TTH, which makes it possible to predict the rainfall anomaly in Iran by monitoring the tropopause characteristics. Time series analysis of the research variables using Kendall's seasonal and ordinal tests showed that the TH variable and the surface temperature variables are respectively with statistical values (τ). 0.18, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.32 have shown significant increasing trends in the last few decades. Finally, by introducing the TH as an indicator of climate change in Iran, the necessity of conducting more research in this field is emphasized.