Numerical simulation of two consecutive human sneezing and examining the dispersion of the resulting droplets in the surroundings

In the present study,by simulating the process of two consecutive sneezes using a real model of the upper airway of a 65-year-old non-smoking man,the dispersion pattern of droplets resulting from the process of two consecutive sneezes has been investigated.Using computational fluid dynamics,the velocity of airflow during two consecutive sneezes was checked and the k-ωSST turbulence model was used to check the flow.Assuming realistic flow rate changes in both sneezes,the maximum flow rate during sneezing according to the subject's age and gender is equal to553L/min.In the present study,the simulation has been carried out by considering a wide range of droplets with diameters of1 to1000microns, and about 2million drops have been injected into the surrounding environment during the process of two consecutive sneezes.In this study,the temperature of the air in the surrounding environment and the air jet coming out of the respiratory system are assumed to be24 and35 C,and the relative humidity of the surrounding environment and the air jet is assumed to be 65and95%.The maximum rate of penetration and spread of droplets resulting from two consecutive sneezes in 5seconds is19.9and7.5% higher than the rate of penetration and distribution of droplets resulting from a single normal sneeze at the same time.Most of the injected droplets have evaporated in the surrounding environment during the process of two consecutive sneezes,and less than40000drops are left in the environment in 5seconds.