An Analysis of the Role of Urban Development Activists in Organizing and Physical-spatial Development Using MACTOR Model (A Case of District 3 of Zanjan)

One of the key determinants for the success of urban development plans and programs lies in the coordination among organizations and actors involved in urban development. Centralization or the proliferation of managing organizations and institutions in a city can lead to confusion, resource wastage, and the failure to formulate and execute urban development plans. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to scrutinize the role of activists in urban development projects, particularly in organizing and enhancing physical-spatial development in Region 3 of Zanjan. The data were collected through a combination of field and library studies, with a statistical population selected through the snowball sampling method, totaling 30 individuals. For data analysis, the study utilizes factor analysis tests, structural equation models, and multi-subject-multiplayer models with the assistance of SPSS, Smart PLS, and Mactor software. The findings highlight that indicators such as "favorable urban development pattern" (coefficient: 0.824), "Pollution" (coefficient: 0.833), "Tourism Development" (coefficient: 0.837), and "Strengthening security" (coefficient: 0.829) exhibit the highest relationship and correlation with the preparation and implementation of urban development plans. Furthermore, activists have the most substantial impact on social structure (impact factor: 0.801) and environmental structure (coefficient: 0.592). Notably, the municipality establishes a direct relationship with the Department of Roads and Urban Development and consulting engineers in formulating and executing urban plans, while local institutions and citizens receive relatively less attention.