Studying Yield and Yield Components of Cotton using Multivariate Statistical Methods in Three Years

This research is aimed to evaluate and investigate the performance stability of superior promising cotton genotypes that have been obtained through various breeding methods including hybridization and mutation and were superior rather than their parents in the Hashemabad region of Gorgan.

In this experiment, six genotypes A-NBK, A-NB414, A-SKG, A3-96, Va-1, and Va-2 along with control cultivar (Golestan) were evaluated in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications during three years (2017-2019). A Combined analysis of variance, cluster, and principal component analysis methods using graphical analysis of genotype in traits were used to analyze data.

Based on the results of the combined ANOVA, the investigated genotypes were not significantly different in the traits of the number of reproductive branches and the yield of the first picking. Despite, height, number of bolls, percentage of early maturity, yield of 30 bolls, total yield, yield of fibers (30 bolls), length of fibers, uniformity, finess of fibers, strength, elongation of fibers, total keel and keel of 30 bolls was significantly different among genotypes. A-NB414 genotype had a highest of 110.3 cm and the Golestan variety had the lowest height (83.7 cm). The yield trait of the second harvest of genotype A-NB414 (1283.2 kg/h) and the total yield trait in genotype A-NB414 (5067.1 kg/h) were significantly higher than other genotypes. Based on the results, three components had roots of more than two (7.79, 2.76, and 2.49). The results of cluster analysis were classified into 3 groups.

The results showed that A-NBK and A-NB414 genotypes can be introduced as new cultivars and also be used in breeding programs to create higher genetic diversity. It can be obtained by crossing the A-NBK genotype with the Golestan cultivar to a desirable variety due to the different genetic background. Genotype Va-1 appeared as an early genotype with high fiber uniformity and high first-harvest yield. A-NB414 and A-NBK genotypes with high height, boll number, fiber uniformity percentage, and high yield among the studied genotypes are suitable for introduction as a new variety.