Periods of development and dynamic parameters of white lupin, Lupinus albus L. yield formation

There is a problem of vegetable protein deficiency for feed, processing and nutrition in many countries: to produce or import? White lupin cultivation in Russia is important due its high potential seed and protein yield. The breeding program for creating cultivars of white lupin with a determinant type of growth and the study of the dynamic parameters of the yield formation was carried out in many years of research in the northern part of the Central-Chernozem region of Russia. Experiments were conducted at the experimental field in Tambov region. Cultivar is one of the main components of resource-saving technologies. For the first time in Russia, under these conditions, cultivars of white lupin with a determinant type of growth were created. Among them are Start, Gamma, Delta, Dega, Deter1, Timiryazevskiy with different plant architectonics. Care adapted to the conditions of the region, ripen steadily, and grain yield of 3-5 ton ha-1. Agrocenosis is a photosynthetic system functions from emergence to beginning of maturity including four biologically distinct periods of crop formation: I- emergence - the beginning of flowering; II-  flowering and pod formation; III-  pod growth; and IV- seed filling.  The length of the periods and the dynamic parameters of the yield formation of white lupin for each period were determined. Among the parameters were the leaf area index (LAI), the total dry matter accumulation (TDM), the crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and yield components. Period II was critical in yield formation. Variability of parameters was determined in connection with weather conditions and seed yield. The conducted studies made it possible for white lupin cultivars with determinant type of growth to find out dynamic pattern of yield formation and to estimate the degree of effect of weather conditions on dynamic parameters and seed productivity.