Critical discourse analysis of Fakhreddin Iraqi's works

Fakhr al-Din Iraqi, a mystic poet of the 7th century, composed his poems with the theme of love. This research, using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, analyzed Iraqi’s lyrical poems, quatrains, love poems and glosses in three levels, and seeks to show which discourses and levels of power had influenced Iraqi, and how he involved in reproducing or resisting against them. Therefore, at the level of description, after finding the threads of the discourses, with their help, Iraqi’s discourse and its impact and impression are analyzed. The most prelevant word and theme in Iraqi’s poetry is love. The dominance of indefinite sentences tells about the silence of the lover and the field of love. The most vivid expression of his love is “pain of separation”. Iraqi’s domination by the rule of the indefinite pronoun “thou” (lover) that “I” has made him subordinate to “she” (lover). In the situational context, the invasion of the Mongols and the emergence of Ibn Arabi led to the scientific, practical and public growth of Iraqi’s discourse, and encouraged him to speak more fearlessly of the eternal lover and unity of existence in Lamaat</em>. In terms of intertextuality, he is influenced by the discourse of verses from the Qur'an, the idea of existential unity of Ibn Arabi and aestheticism of Ahmad Ghazzali. In Qalandari, he is under the influence of the legacy of Sana'i and Attar. The most basic Iraqi confrontational point of view is love-centered discourse against asceticism. Due to the passive nature of his language and expression, this orientation has worked to stabilize the structure of the ruling power institution.