Semiotics of Some Selected Words and Meanings from Nahj ul-Balagheh and Criticism of its Translations Based on the Theory of Umberto Eco (Case Study: Dashti, Shahidi and Faqihi Translations)

Semiotics is a science that examines symbols, codes and linguistic and verbal signs. The expansion of this science in the study of texts, especially Nahj ul-Balagha, has led to the discovery of meaning and implicit layers. In addition, finding the meaning of the words and idioms of Nahj ul-Balagha in the context of linguistic approaches has been of interest to writers and researchers. One of the semiotics theorists is Umberto Eco. Eco tries to apply semantic phenomena and communication in the context of semiotics, and therefore his focus in this approach is more on the study of meaning. According to him, semiotics is based on direct and implicit signification. In this essay, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the semiotics of some selected words and meanings from Nahj ul-Balaghe and the criticism of Dashti, Shahidi and Faqihi translations of it have been discussed in the light of Umberto Eco's theory. The results of the research show that the words and meanings in Nahj ul-Balagheh appear in the form of meanings that are beyond time and place and in addition to the direct meaning, they also have implicit meanings, which can be important and helpful in understanding the concepts hidden in it as accurately as possible.