The efficiency of ordinary and nano extract of Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) seed in controlling the Mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)

The excessive use of chemical insecticides has led to the emergence of many environmental problems, which was reflected in the reconsideration of returning to the use of alternative methods, including the use of plant extracts. The study was conducted in 2023 to test the efficiency of the Ordinary and nano extract of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum eleaegnifolium Cav.) seeds in the mortality percentage of nymph stage and adults of the mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley) in the laboratory after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment. Results showed that the highest percentage of cumulative mortality of the first nymph stage reached 100% after seven days when treated with alcoholic extract of silverleaf nightshade seeds at the concentration of 5% and 100% for all concentrations used of the nano alcoholic extract. The mortality percentage the third nymph stage was 77.5% at the alcoholic extract concentration of 5% and 87.5% for the nano alcoholic extract. The mortality percentage of adults caused by the alcoholic and nano alcoholic extract in the same concentration was 84.5 and 87.1%, respectively.