The Effect of Gender Difference on Human Reality from the Viewpoint of Imamiya and Wahhabism, with an Emphasis on the Thoughts of Allameh Tabatabaei and Ibn Baz

Gender difference, meaning male or female, is one of the characteristics that divide human beings into two major classes, men and women. Despite all the differences between men and women, both of them fall under a kind of unit and their commonalities cause them both to be called human. However, gender-related differences have led to different views of women's human reality. Some consider being a man as a kind of human perfection and believe that a woman cannot be considered a perfect human being due to her type of creation and gender, and her social activity is only an obstacle for the perfection of perfect human beings and the male gender. On the other hand, Islamic thinkers believe that piety is the standard of human value and both men and women can achieve human perfection. Both vies have representatives in Islamic epistemology; However, what is necessary is to determine the authentic Islamic view, and this will not be possible except by presenting these two views on the verses of the Qur'an and the traditions of the Fourteen Infallibles. The purpose of this research is the impact of gender difference on human reality from the viewpoint of Imamiya (representing the second view) and Wahhabism (representing the first view) with the focus on the interpretive thoughts of Allameh Tabatabai and Ibn Baz, which was written using the method of comparison and analysis. In this regard, in Wahhabism, Ibn Baz is among those who believe in a woman's lack of reason and faith, leaving her human reality unanswered. This view, relying on the appearance of some hadiths, has closed its eyes on the numerous verses and narratives of the Qur'an. Verses that do not limit human evolution to a specific gender and only consider humanity and piety as criteria. On the other hand, Allameh Tabatabaei, representing Imamiya thought, believes that from the point of view of ontology and anthropology, women have human dignity and personality and are no different from men. Men and women can go through the stages of their reality without any discrimination by having piety. However, the natural differences between men and women bring different rights and social duties for both of them.