Thinking, Wisdom and Reasoning: The Foundations for the Realization of Moral Fields of Utopia in Farabi's Theory (At the Societal Level)

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role and influence of wisdom, thinking-centeredness, and rationality in the design of utopia according to Farabi's theory as one of the main underlying factors in designing utopia (in moral dimensions). In addition, the character of the influence of rationalism on the ethics of societies, which has been investigated in Farabi’s moral legacy, is analyzed. The article uses an analytical-rational methodology that employs various conceptual, propositional, and system analyses. Farabi has described society as a structure or system and an ordered set, and his discussions refer to a collective order comparable to that of the cosmos. Accordingly, to create a more ideal society, some thinkers have argued that reason and logic are the most important factors, not only for individuals and their moral values, but for the entire system as a whole. This is reflected in the qualities of the Utopian leader (who possesses the maximum level of rationality) and the citizens’ morality. In order to attain their ideal state and become the epitome of virtue, citizens  must use their intellect (nous) to make consistent and long-lasting judgments and evaluations. The intellectual virtues that result from practical reason are intended for both citizens and their domestic and public affairs, and both individual and social happiness depend on wisdom. However, reason and rationality are not the only factors that contribute to the health and contentment of citizens and society, but they are the most crucial ones that generate additional elements.