Urban Heat Island Destructive Phenomenon and Its Reduction with the Approach of Road Pavement Evaluation

The development of urban environments and the excessive increase of urban population have increased the amount of energy consumption and as a result, the temperature of urban environments has increased. The phenomenon of increasing the temperature of cities compared to the temperature of suburbs is called the urban heat island (UHI). Energy waste, financial resource consumption, climate, and ecosystem change are the most important adverse consequences of the phenomenon of UHI. In this research, the causes of UHI, and methods to reduce this destructive phenomenon with the approach of using cool pavements, have been comprehensively studied. Research has shown that UHI can be evaluated using fixed, survey, and remote methods. One of the most effective actions is the use of reflective materials and the use of cool pavements on the roads to reduce the temperature of cities and reduce the effects of the destructive phenomenon of UHI. Results show that with the use of cool pavements, the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the pavement surface can be reduced up to 2 ° C and 13 ° C respectively improved. The use of light-colored cement and aggregates and additives such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and fly ash has been effective in reducing this phenomenon. By increasing road surface permeability, increasing the surface reflection coefficient, increasing the thermal coefficient, and decreasing the pavement thickness, the pavement surface temperature can be reduced, and the undesirable phenomenon of UHI can be prevented.