Content analysis of sustainable urban tourism studies with emphasis on the terminology of the concept of "challenge"

Language is one of the most important human inventions in communicating. It seems that every knowledge arises from a paradigm and is defined with its own words; Because words make it possible to transfer knowledge and show their epistemological point of view. Also, specialized terms and their definitions have a basic role in transferring concepts and expanding science. Therefore, it seems that their imprecise application, especially in research activities, can lead to a deviation in the recognition of the researcher's intellectual paradigm and subsequently question the question and objectives, theoretical and operational solutions, findings and especially the research results. Therefore, the present study tries to define the word "challenge" correctly and explain a framework of its criteria in the field of urban research, especially sustainable tourism, and then analyze the content of domestic and foreign articles on sustainable tourism and finally compare their attitude with this term.

In this section, in order to dissect the research and analyze the fundamental elements of its methodological structure, the adapted model of onion research by Saunders has been used. Based on this, the paradigm of this interpretative-critical research and its logic is questioning; The research is qualitative and the information gathering strategy is a library; The research method is systematic content analysis, which with the aim of achieving a comprehensive definition of the word "challenge" in the researches of urban planners in the subject area of sustainable tourism, collected the necessary information through library studies and questionnaires and used the systematic content analysis method. In order to complete the questionnaires, ten experts were selected by non-probability snowball sampling method. In fact, this research has tried to achieve a comprehensive definition of the word challenge by combining the common definitions of domestic and foreign researches and extracting its criteria; Then confirm their authenticity by experts. In the next step, based on the extracted criteria and using the method of systematic content analysis, the systematic and comprehensive review and interpretation of the content of sustainable tourism research and the analysis of researchers' attitude regarding the word "challenge" have been done. Therefore, the current research is based on five stages, including determining the purpose of the study, collecting research data, coding the units of analysis, classification and interpretive evaluation of the conducted categories.

Based on the results of this research, the desired definition of the word "challenge" in tourism research is: "A challenge is a new condition and situation that introduces issues and problems into various areas and dimensions, from outside the urban system, and influences its future trajectory; depending on its scale, the urban system requires the responsible and active deployment of all its potential and actual capabilities in order to provide promising solutions to overcome prevailing conditions and achieve desired goals." Ultimately, based on a comparative analysis of forty domestic and foreign articles, it seems that currently, some domestic researchers do not have a clear and accurate understanding of the term "challenge" according to the defined criteria.

It appears that one of the main reasons for the difference in attitude towards the term "challenge" in domestic and foreign research is the literal translation of this term into Persian; which should be considered in future research to take into account all aspects of the concept and its criteria.