Effect of 8 Weeks of Incremental Aerobic Training on Adipsin, FGF21 and ABCA1 in Obese Men

Background &

The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled since 1980 so that almost a third of the world's population is now classified as overweight or obese. Obesity hurts almost all physiological functions of the body and is a significant threat to public health. It can be said that obesity is a multifactorial and complex metabolic disease with epigenetic interactions. So the expression of some genetic factors along with inactive lifestyle (low energy cost) and intake of high-calorie foods interact together to cause the phenomenon of obesity and obesity-related diseases. However, for a long time, adipose tissue is no longer the only passive tissue for storing extra energy. From the identification of leptin and other adipokines, it was found that adipose tissue is one of the most active endocrine glands that play an essential role in regulating systemic energy and glucose homeostasis. Meanwhile, adipsin is one of the most abundant adipokines, which is produced almost exclusively by fat cells and is known as a supplement of factor D. Its amount in plasma increases significantly in obesity and high body mass index. Identification of adipsin as an important factor in diseases such as obesity and diabetes is not long ago and the function of this protein is not yet fully known. However, the researchers found that the release of adipsin from fatty tissue causes the synthesis of C3a, which plays a role in the islets of Langerhans, where beta cells are present, and stimulates the secretion of insulin and ultimately reduces the output of hepatic glucose. Adipsin plays a role in triglyceride metabolism by converting complement factor C3 to C3a, which stimulates triglyceride production in fat tissue. Therefore, adipsin may be indirectly related to adipose tissue fat metabolism. This contradiction has caused the function of this protein to remain in mystery until now. Due to the importance of adipsin, various researches have been conducted in this field. On the other hand, one of the organs that is directly related to obesity is the liver, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to the hFGF subfamily, (FGF19, FGF21, FGF23) version its removal is done in the liver by direct control of PPARα and in adipose tissue by PPARγ. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21) is a family of fibroblast growth factors. This protein has various biological functions, including cell differentiation. , is responsible for cell growth and angiogenesis. In addition, FGF21 regulates the body's metabolism, because it plays a role in energy balance, glucose and fat homeostasis, and leads to improved glucose homeostasis, fat parameters, and weight loss in animal models. Regarding the importance of FGF21, various research have been conducted and contradictory results have been obtained. On the other hand, mammalian cells cannot reduce excess cholesterol; therefore, removing excess intracellular cholesterol is essential. HDL particles are the primary system. Can remove excess cholesterol from peripheral cells through reverse cholesterol transport. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT: Reverse Cholesterol Transport) refers to the process of collecting excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including macrophages in the arterial wall, and returning them to the liver for Cleaning through bile and excreting it through feces is said to play an important role in this step (ABCA1: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Protein). This process is especially important for macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Investigation of other influencing factors, including the role of aerobic exercises, has not been done so far. Certainly, new and more research in this regard by comparing different training methods with each other can to some extent find the best training method to get the maximum benefit from it with the minimum time, a great help in improving the abnormal condition of cardiovascular diseases. will do Considering the above information and the importance and role of adipsin, FGF21, and ABCA1 in obesity and its related complications, as well as the existence of contradictory results related to the effect of sports activity on these variables and the lack of sufficient information in this field, the question is whether increasing aerobic exercise Effects on adipsin, FGF21 and ABCA1 in obese men?

To carry out this practical and semi-experimental research, among obese men with a body mass index above 30 who were referred to the health center of Ilam city in the age range of 30-40 years, 24 people were randomly selected and divided into two groups: increasing aerobic exercise and Controls were divided. Aerobic exercise group program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. In the first and second weeks, training started with 30 minutes and with 60% of the maximum heart rate, and every two weeks, the duration of 5 minutes and the intensity of aerobic exercise was increased by 5%, until finally, in the last two weeks, the duration was 45 minutes and the intensity was 75% of the heart rate. The heart reached the maximum. Also, blood samples were taken before and after the completion of 8 weeks from the brachial vein in fasting conditions 24 hours before the start of the protocol and 48 hours after the completion of the protocol. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk tests, and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that increasing aerobic training caused a significant increase in FGF21 and ABCA1 and a significant decrease in adipsin in obese men.

In summary, the findings of the present study show that eight weeks of increasing aerobic exercise increased adipsin, FGF21, and ABCA1 indices in obese men. Therefore, it is recommended to use these exercises to reduce the negative effects of obesity. However, the lack of control over the mental conditions and hereditary characteristics of the subjects during the exercises, and the lack of control over their economic conditions were among the limitations of the present research that may affect the results. Also, the results of the present research can provide experts, researchers, and obese people with a clear view of the impact of increasing aerobic exercises, and according to the results, the use of these exercises to reduce the complications of obesity is recommended to obese people in consultation with a doctor.