Synthesis of Hematite Nanoparticles by Ball Milling and the Study of the Magnetic Properties and its Microstructure

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of hematite nanoparticles using the ball milling process. The research investigates the changes in microstructure and magnetic properties of the powders during the milling process using XRD, SEM, TEM, and VSM techniques. The crystallite size is determined through XRD patterns using Scherer methods. It is found that the particle size decreases and lattice parameters with extended milling times. XRD and TEM analysis estimate the average particle size of the hematite nanoparticles to be around 30 nm and 12 nm, respectively. The SEM image shows uniform dispersion and a spherical morphology. The magnetic saturation increases as a result of the ball milling process, and the VSM results indicate that the saturation magnetic value increases with longer milling times. The morphology of the particles is predominantly spherical or semi-spherical. The study concludes that the shape and size of the synthesized particles are influenced by the milling time parameter. Both SEM and XRD results highlight the significant influence of milling time on the shape and size of the synthesized particles.