A Comparative Study of Social Thoughts in the Poems of Mullah Ma'rouf Kokei and Ma'rouf al-Rosafi

Literature has perpetually accompanied humanity through the tumultuous tides of history, inherently serving as a vessel for grappling with societal issues. In our contemporary era, this enduring tradition remains deeply rooted, with poets playing a pivotal role in addressing these concerns. Among them, Mullah Maruf Kokeei and Maruf al-Rosafi, eminent Kurdish poets from regions as diverse as Mokrian and Iraq, exemplify a profound commitment to social matters. Their literary creations serve as poignant reflections of societal struggles, arousing collective consciousness and spotlighting prevailing issues. Both poets manifest a resolute dedication to articulating society's tribulations, delving into the intricacies of these challenges to unearth potential solutions. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach influenced by the American school of comparative literature, this study meticulously examines their verses through a social lens. The findings reveal recurring themes that encompass patriotism, resistance against tyranny, the pursuit of freedom, a relentless battle against hypocrisy and deception, calls to revolt, condemnation of ignorance and neglect, and the exaltation of virtuous qualities. Furthermore, these poets champion national rights, advocate for the acquisition of knowledge, and vociferously condemn oppression and duplicity. Their poetic oeuvre resounds with a clarion call for justice, freedom, anti-tyranny, courage, fervent patriotism, unwavering perseverance, and the ceaseless struggle against ignorance and superstition. These prevailing motifs underscore the enduring relevance of their work, providing an evocative testament to the enduring power of literature in addressing the multifaceted challenges of contemporary society.