A comparative study of Hafiz Abru's opinions with the Muslim elites of the Middle Ages about political governance

One of the indicators of the historiography of the middle period of Islamic Iran is the theoretical discussion of "ruling etiquette and governmental ethics" during the expression of historical developments and relying on "Islamic verses and traditions".This method of historiography has been affected by the historical and political conditions of Iran and the world and the necessity of familiarizing the rulers with the ways of governance in the middle period of Iran. Historians of the Middle Period, together with the verses of the Quran and Iranian culture, express the sovereign duties of the rulers. Among the historians of this period, Hafez Abru, in the introduction of his geographical book, raised the issue of "Civilized Politics" scientifically and systematically. Although Hafez Abru was not heretical in dealing with this issue and historians his contemporaries have also addressed this issue. Therefore, considering the importance of political governance and its cultural and social dimensions, it seems necessary to compare the views of Hafez Abru with other historians and thinkers of his era in the field of governance and rulership. Therefore, the current research aims to find the answer to this main question: What are the concepts of governance, duties, and personality characteristics of the rulers from the perspective of Hafez Abru and the Muslim elites of Iran in the middle period of Iran? The research method in this historical research was based on library sources and by using interdisciplinary studies, we will try to answer the research question descriptively and analytically based on the data of the original texts.