A study and analysis of the positions of Hossein Kia Chalavi towards the governments of Aq Qoyunlu and Safavid

Hossein Kia Chalavi is one of the prominent claimants and opponents of Shah Ismail and the Safavid Qazalbash. He can be considered the most powerful Iranian opponent after Agh Quvinlu against the rise of Safavid rule. Eventually, he was able to openly enter the power struggle in the last conflicts of Agh Quvinlu and used various opportunities to expand his political and military power and control to expand his territory. However, these conflicts and power struggles have not been properly assessed. This article tries to evaluate and analyze these issues and answer the question why Shah Ismail and Qazalbash behaved decisively and with indescribable hatred and violence towards him and the inhabitants of his territory. The importance of the issue becomes clear when we know that the Safavid historians have passed the war of Chalavi and Qizilbash with vagueness and generalities, and contemporary researchers have rarely mentioned this prominent claimant in the discussion of the formation of the Safavid government. According to the primary sources and their investigations, this article concludes that Hossein Kia Chalavi is one of the prominent and perhaps the only politicalreligious claimants of the Safavid dynasty, whose rule was severely complicated by Shah Ismail. Safavid historians tried to downplay this claim of the government and erase their name and memory from the memories.