Animal from Feeling to Subjectivity: Discourse in the Philosophy of Bioethics

One of the reasons that make animals deserving of violence is the idea of a lack of rationality and subjectivity in them, but if it is possible to recognize some kind of subjectivity for an animal, we can hope for a future where the animal will no longer be under the control of any human abuse. In this regard, this research considers the problem and risk of interaction between humans and animals with a new and practical approach. The general approach and method in this research is "phenomenology" and specifically "ethical phenomenology", which results in adopting four questions regarding animal pain and suffering, animal love, animal rights, and animal subjectivity. Therefore, we put the order and sequence of these four things in a continuum, one end of which is sense and experience, and the other end is concept and generality so that we can finally reach "specific general" rules. Finally, in order to reduce the suffering, evil and malice in the phenomenological subjectivity, we depict the subject of the animal in a way that does not make us fall from life and the result is a reduction of cruelty among the subjects-of-a-life. In this way, in this type of argument, neither human becomes animal nor does animal become human. It is a human convention versus a natural and theological convention that takes a step toward avoiding the "residues of unmodern human behavior that treat animals as instruments." Therefore, the way to reduce evil for humans is to accept the type and level of rights for animals.