Fabrication of a Decellularized Amniotic Membrane-Gelatin Scaffold and its Evaluation for Using in Tissue Engineering Applications

Decellularization techniques are widely used in the fabrication of suitable scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues, addressing the issue of insufficient donor tissues. The amnion membrane has qualities such as availability, affordability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. Gelatin is a natural and biocompatible polymer with favorable interactions for cell adhesion and growth. Thus, this study focused on creating and assessing gelatin-decellularized amniotic membrane scaffolds for potential use in tissue engineering.

Initially, the amniotic membrane underwent decellularization, and the extent of this process was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Following the fabrication of the scaffolds, their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, were characterized. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the uterine endometrium were cultured on the scaffolds, and their biocompatibility was assessed through an MTT assay.

The findings indicated successful decellularization of the amnion tissue. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed a rough surface on the scaffolds. While all scaffolds exhibited hydrophilic properties, those made of the gelatin-decellularized amniotic membrane were particularly hydrophilic due to the presence of the hydrophilic gelatin polymer in their structure. The constructed scaffolds demonstrated water absorption and swelling. Additionally, the results of the mechanical properties assessment indicated that the scaffolds possessed adequate strength. In terms of biocompatibility, the proliferation of stem cells derived from the uterine endometrium on the scaffolds surpassed that of the control group (cell only).

The scaffolds fabricated with amino-gelatin curtains show promising potential for use in tissue engineering applications.