Eternal Dwellers of the Hell according to Ashʿarites

A pivotal issue in Islam and Islamic theology revolves around the concept of eternal punishment in Hell. This belief constitutes a cornerstone of Muslim eschatology concerning the afterlife. The Quran unequivocally states that the punishment of disbelievers in Hell is eternal. The term “khulūd” denotes perpetual existence in a particular state, which can be interpreted as an everlasting abode either in Heaven or Hell. Employing a comprehensive library and analytic methodology, this research endeavors to explore the individuals identified by Ashʿarite theologians as destined for eternal damnation in Hell. Beginning with an examination of Quranic verses, recognized as a shared source among all Muslims, we subsequently delve into the perspectives of notable Ashʿarite figures and theologians regarding this matter. Ultimately, our analysis indicates that according to Ashʿarite doctrine, disbelievers are condemned to eternal residence in Hell. Conversely, sinful believers may endure a period of punishment in Hell before ultimately attaining salvation through the intercession of the Prophet.