Investigating the Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Allium Jesdianum on Humoral and Cellular Indicators of the Immune System in a Mouse Model Stimulated with Sheep Erythrocyte Immunogen Compared to Levamisole

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against foreign and carcinogenic agents, and its weakness can lead to death. The genus Allium has been proposed as a suitable candidate for maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system, so in this study, we investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum on various immune responses in mice.

In this experimental study, we investigated the effect of different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. jesdianum on the immune system of 25 mice in four groups. Animal weight, spleen organ weight and their relative weight, blood lymphocytes, ability to produce antibodies by hemagglutination method, delayed hypersensitivity response, mitogenic power of lymphocytes using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were investigated GraphPad Prism v9.5.0.730 x64 + v8.4.0.671 software was used for statistical calculations. Comparison between different groups was done using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey-Kramer posttest, and p > 0.05 was considered as a significant difference.

The results of this study show that A. jesdianum could not have an effect on the population of blood lymphocytes (p > 0.05) and general weight (p > 0.05), but the weight of the spleen (0.23 ± 0.22) and the relative weight of the spleen (0.96 ± 0.09) increased. Exposure to A. jesdianum caused a significant increase in the responses of the delayed hypersensitivity test after 24 hours (53.47 ± 8.27) and 48 hours (68.81 ± 11.34) compared to the control group. Also, A. jesdianum significantly increased the antibody titer compared to the control group (6.91 ± 0.17). In addition, A. jesdianum could increase the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes (7.71 ± 0.34). Also, at the doses of 100 mg/kg (1.49 ± 0.09) and 200 mg/kg (2.39 ± 0.12), it increased the proliferation response to LPS mitogen; while only at the dose of 200 mg/kg (2.46 ± 0.22) was able to increase the proliferative response to PHA mitogen.

It seems that A. jesdianum improves various factors of the immune system. Its effects include increasing the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, delayed proliferative response, and antibody production. In general, A. jesdianum was able to strengthen various immune responses, including humoral immunity and cellular immunity.