Validation of Visual Security Indicators From the Aspect of Passive Defense in Educational Land Uses

Increasing the security and safety of schools, reducing their vulnerability, and improving their sustainability are among the factors that increase the psychological security of students and families. It is one of the goals and crucial components of passive defense. Thus, given the significance of the subject, this study focuses on the validation of security and safety indicators from the perspective of passive defense in educational land uses, focusing on elementary schools in the western district of Bandar Imam Khomeini based on the five selected indicators(architecture and design, structure, facilities, proximity and access, and equipment) and 42 sub-indicators. The study type was applied and its method was survey-evaluation with emphasis on questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all principals, assistants, teachers, and some experts from the education department of Bandr Imam Khomeini City. The sample size was 117 people. To examine the normality of the data distribution, the Kolmogorov-Sminrov test was used. Also, to examine the status of the research variables, structural equation modeling by partial least squares (PLS) method and SMARTPLS software were used. The results of the PLS test revealed that the equipment indicator with an impact factor of 0.918 has the highest value and the proximity and access indicator with an impact factor of 0.771 has the lowest validity among the study indicators.