Analyzing the relationship of faults with Sabalan volcano hot springs using the land surface temperature index (LST) in the range of OLI and TIRS images of Landsat 8 satellite

Faults in volcanic regions play an important role in the emergence of hot springs. In this research, due to the abundance of tectonic structures in the Sabalan volcanic mass, the relationship between faults and hot water springs and the flow rate and temperature of these springs were evaluated. For this purpose, in the beginning, the location layers of 11 hot springs in the northern and southern slopes, fault, slope, the direction of slope, layer of elevation, geology, and topography were prepared and the rose diagram of the faults was drawn in Rockwork17 software and by the method Weighted evidence was considered. The location of the faults showed that the faults had an important effect on the origin and establishment of the springs. In the investigation of the relationship between the slope and the abundance of springs, it was observed that 4 springs were located at a slope between 0 and 5 degrees, and 5 springs were located at an altitude of less than 2100 meters. It was also observed that the highest amount of discharge is located in the northeast and northwest parts of the volcano. Finally, the relationships between the faults and the hot springs were investigated using the surface temperature index. For this purpose, maps of spectral radiation, black body temperature, NDVI, vegetation ratio, and surface emissivity were drawn and an LST map was drawn using these maps. The results showed that the highest temperatures of the earth's surface are located in the area of spa springs.