The effect of endurance training and consumption of gallic acid and kaempferol on the expression of ARC, VEGFα, HIF1α and CREB1 genes in mice with breast cancer treated with paclitaxel

Breast cancer is the most common cancer. Therapeutic strategies reduce neurogenesis in treated patients. The present study aimed to assess the effect of endurance training along with the combination of gallic acid and Kaempferol on neurogenesis in the hippocampus caused by the side effects of paclitaxel in mice with breast cancer.

The mice were randomly assigned to six groups (n=6), including control group, the group with breast cancer injected with 4T1 cell line, the cancer group that received paclitaxel (10 mg/kg), cancer group treated with paclitaxel and gavage supplemented with Kaempferol and gallic acid, cancer group treated with paclitaxel and endurance exercise, the cancer group treated with paclitaxel and endurance training and supplements. Gene expression was measured by the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Genes were selected using bioinformatics software. In this study, statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software (version 9). Data were calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test. Results were presented as mean±standard deviation. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The expression of VEGFα/ARC/CREB increased significantly (P<0.05) due to the consumption of gallic acid, kaempferol, and endurance training in mice treated with paclitaxel. Moreover, the expression level of VEGFα/ARC/CREB genes increased in the endurance training group and the supplement (P<0.05). On the other hand, breast cancer has increased the expression of HIF1α gene (P<0.05). Endurance training and supplement consumption significantly reduced the expression of the HIF1α gene (P<0.05).

Endurance training, along with gallic acid and Kaempferol, regulated the expression of ARC, VEGFα, HIF1α, and CREB1 genes in the brain tissue of mice with breast cancer treated with paclitaxel.