Early detection of multiple myeloma by 2-[18-F] FDG PET/CT in extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma

Plasma cell neoplasm is a group of disorders involving mature B-cells that results in excessive production of specific monoclonal heavy-chain immunoglobulins. Plasma cell neoplasm can present in different clinical forms. 

 An elderly female presented with long-standing nasal congestion and was diagnosed with nasal plasmacytoma. After a complete checkup, including 2-[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT), a diagnosis of extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma with synchronous multiple myeloma was concluded. Herein, we report a single case of a patient with extramedullary nasal plasmacytoma and synchronous multiple myeloma, including its clinical and imaging findings. 

Multiple myeloma shows generally poor prognosis. Conversely, the prognosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma is good, and recurrence, metastasis, and transformation into multiple myeloma are rare. It is important to distinguish solitary plasmacytoma from other plasma cell diseases to choose the best treatment. A systemic understanding of the clinical and imaging features of extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma are may help clinical and imaging doctors correctly diagnose the disease.