Syzygium malaccense leaves methanol extract modulate some biochemical and inflammatory markers and prostate histology of testosterone-estradiol valerate induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats

The effect of Syzygium malaccense methanol leaf extract (SMLE) on some parameters of testosterone-estradiol valerate induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats was assayed. Thirty male albino rats were used and they were grouped as: Control: received 1 mL/kg olive oil (oral and subcutaneous); BPH: received subcutaneously 9 mg/kg dihydrotestosterone (DHT)+0.9 mg/kg estradiol valerate (ESV) and orally 1 ml/kg olive oil; finasteride: received 9 mg/kg of DHT+0.9 mg/kg ESV (subcutaneously) and 5 mg/kg finasteride (orally) and test groups 1 and 2: received 9 mg/kg of DHT+0.9 mg/kg ESV (subcutaneously) and 200 and 400 mg/kg SMLE (orally). The duration of the treatment was 28 days. The BPH group had increased prostatic total proteins, oxidative stress, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, prostate weights, serum concentrations of prostate specific antigen, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein, dyslipidaemia, altered prostate histology and hormonal levels but had no significant change (p>0.05) in haematological indices relative to the control. Finasteride or S. malaccense modulated most of these parameters as corroborated by prostate histology. Acute toxicity study indicated the non-toxicity of SMLE. SMLE showed strong in vitro antioxidant activity which corroborated its in vivo antioxidant activity. The study showed that S. malaccense could be useful in the management of BPH.