The Role of some miRNA Contribution in Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Role of miRNA_132, miRNA_124, miRNA_125 in Learning and Memory

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an advanced and devastating neurodegenerative illness. It is an important reason for dementia in the world’s quickly aging population. The spread of AD cases positions serious problems on relations, society, and the family. MicroRNAs are endogenous ∼22 nucleotides non-coding RNAs that could control gene expression nearby a length of RNA or DNA that has been transcribed respectively from a DNA or RNA template or translation suppression. AD is a multifactorial disorder and a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss that micoRNAs show a serious character in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we will focus on the outcome of microRNAs in diverse pathological manners during AD development.

Evidence Acquisition: 

miRNAs are small noncoding endogenous RNA sequences active in the regulation of protein expression; change of miRNA expression can cause abnormal adjustment in key genes and pathways that contribute to disease development. The role of exosomal miRNAs has been proven in various neurodegenerative diseases, and this opens the possibility that dysregulated exosomal miRNA profiles may influence AD disease. However, most abnormally expressed miRNAs recognized in AD are not triggered by synaptic activity. Some findings showed that synaptic-related miRNA mediates synaptic/memory deficits in AD via the protein signaling pathway, illuminating a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Data were obtained by inhibiting miRNA and blocking the phosphorylation on mediated protein.

The pieces of evidence show that microRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD, but they do not have the same role in the disease. For example, miRNA-134 and miRNA-146 show downregulation in the brain of AD mice while miRNA-138 can regulate the evolution of synapse and size of the spine.

The data on miRNAs in in vitro and in vivo AD animal models must be established by educations in the human brain. This feature is critical for forming the real the role of micRNA in AD miRNAs in AD.