Environmental pricing: Review of the methods and an attempt to answer the question of their robustness

The main purpose of pricing environmental goods is to enable them to be recognized as integral component of any economic system. The environmental values are not associated with production or consumption, and they are not exchanged in the markets. Examples are the benefits that people simply get from knowing something, such as a national park. Many environmental goods and services are not priced because the costs of consumption are not born by the producer or consumer. Environmental pollution impacts are cases taking place as a result of, for example, releasing waste products into water. Good air depends on the waste processing service of ecosystems. If this is not provided, washing expenses, infection, etc. will increase, because more particulates reside on the clothes, cars, and so on, and thus more people are subjected to diseases. This paper reviews the methods of valuing environmental non-rnarketed goods and services that are most discussed in recent economic literature, including: replacement costs, travel cost method. hedonic Pricing method, and contingent valuation method.