A Study of the Model of Subjective Perceptions in ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī's Works and the Non-Certain Sciences in Fārābī's Works

One of the issues surrounding subjective considerations (i’tibāriyyāt) is its background among the philosophers. In order to closely examine this issue, firstly, the characteristics of subjective perceptions according to ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī are extracted in this paper and in the next step, they are searched for in the works of Fārābī. According to ‘Allāmah, these characteristics are as follows:- They are constructed based on human social needs. - They do not aim to discover or correspond to an objective reality. - They are formed from common beliefs (mashhūrāt) and imaginations. - They do not lead to human perfection. - Their benefit lies solely in motivating humans to perform actions. - These concepts have a real origin and take shape by making a real concept to represent another thing. - The faculty that forms these concepts and their related propositions is practical reason and the perceptual faculties that are under its command, namely estimation and imagination, etc. By searching through Fārābī's works, these characteristics can be found in non-certain propositions including "dialectical (that employs common beliefs), rhetorical (that employs accepted propositions), and poetic (that employs imaginations)". ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī examines all these propositions under one single topic of subjective considerations (i’tibāriyyāt) and explains their formation, epistemic value, and functions in detail and with greater precision. The discussion of subjective considerations can draw the attention of scholars to the role of these perceptions in contemporary humanities and their distinction from real practical sciences.