Spatial Evaluation of Technical, Scale and Management Efficiency Coefficient in Business Incubators of Iran (Data envelopment Analysis Method According to Scientific and Industrial Capacity)

In this research, the spatial efficiency coefficient of Business incubator of Iran's technology units has been analyzed for thirty provinces. For this purpose, by using data envelopment analysis method and the variable return model to the cluster-based scale, the values of technical, scale and managerial efficiency have been perused. The results show that there is no positive and significant relationship between academic rank and technical efficiency of Business incubator. 12 provinces have lower than average technical efficiency, which Kerman province has the lowest technical efficiency value of 0.315, despite being ranked 21-30 and located in a semi-industrial region. It would be said that effective interaction between universities and industries accelerates innovation, Therefore, the absence of an innovative environment, the relationship between the formal management mechanisms of the university and industry, and the low managerial efficiency (0.382), moderates the academic innovation functions and causes a weak connection between these two areas. On the other hand, despite the fact that Bushehr province is at the level of 41-50 in the university ranking and in a weak industrial area, the technical efficiency (number 0.931) is higher than the average, which is mostly due to the high management efficiency. The results of the scale efficiency study show that Khuzestan, Kurdistan and Markazi provinces have increasing efficiency compared to the scale. It would be said that these provinces, due to the feature of increasing efficiency, if using a larger scale, enjoy a lower average cost level and as a result increase the output efficiency. Also, 30 percent of the surveyed provinces are in the stage of decreasing efficiency compared to the scale, and this means that they benefit from less production (compared to the increase in inputs).Thus, using more inputs and less production means reducing technical efficiency. Also, based on the obtained results, 18 centers also have a constant return to scale, which indicates that if these units increase all their production factors, the amount of production will increase by the same amount and the change in production scale does not affect their technical efficiency.