Bi-level non-radial network DEA model for evaluating performance of bank branches

A significant part of each system is determining system efficiency to conduct future planning-associated operations. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is often employed to measure system efficiency. The paper considers a bi-level structure and proposes a new non-radial method by generalizing Russell's model to measure system efficiency. Furthermore, data from 33 branches of an Iranian state bank in 2021 are investigated to present an example of the application. The results indicate that among 33 branches, only two branches are regarded as efficient at both leader and follower levels.