Land surface temperature (LST) variability in local climate zones (LCZs) in semi-arid regions (Case study: Bojnourd City)

Urbanization which has been considered the main contributor to climatic problems in cities, not only changed the physical environment in cities, but also has affect the characteristics of local climate zone. This study aims to investigate the relationship between surface properties of Local Climate Zones (LCZ) extracted from satellite resolution images and Land Surface Temperatures (LST) in a semi-arid region. By employing the LCZ approach, the study seeks to understand how LCZs influence LSTs in this specific environmental context. This study consisted of four main steps: Image preprocessing, LST retrieval, LCZ map preparation and spatial analysis. In this way, the LCZ scheme was used to classify the study area based on two sets of built-up types and land-cover types. Google Earth was used to specify training areas under study and to define different LCZ types. The Split Window Algorithm (SWA) was used to retrieve LST from Landsat-8 TIRS. The results showed that the built type and the land-cover type behave like two independent sets of patterns in the study area. The build type set fluctuated in a higher LST range than the cover land set (forest, farmlands and bushes). By shedding light on the relationship between the surface properties of LCZs and LSTs, the study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing thermal dynamics in semi-arid environments. Armed with this knowledge, urban planners can develop more informed strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating heat-related challenges and improving overall urban livability.