Methods of Compensating and Evaluating the Damages Arising from Sanctions

The imposition of sanctions against Iran over many years has impacted crucial economic sectors, including the banking, energy, and industry as well as the health and medical systems and the scientific field of the country, leading to significant losses for natural and legal persons and raised questions regarding the methods of compensating and evaluating these damages. This research explores the forms of compensation in domestic and international law and examines the evaluation of material, moral and punitive damages. The compensation methods in domestic and international law generally follow a similar approach. Material damages can be compensated financially, whereas moral damages might not be adequately addressed through financial means alone; in such cases, non-financial methods like formal apologies, acceptance of violations, and expressing regret are utilized. Material damages can be evaluated with high accuracy using case-by-case criteria, ensuring the rights of the victims are not violated, and macroeconomic variables can be applied in extensive lawsuits. For moral damages, due to the complexity of calculating, a mixed criterion is preferable. Finally, in assessing punitive damages, the prolonged and severe impact of sanctions, along with the extent of material and moral damages, should considered.