Typology of Narrative Discourse in the Collection of Sahail Al-Jawad Al-Abeid based on the Theory of Jaab LintVelt

The narration of a story can be viewed from different perspectives, and one of these aspects is the narrative typology proposed by the French theorist Jaap LintVelt. He formulated this theory based on the functional interaction between narrator and actor, delving into the analysis of the role and narrative act of the narrator, the characters, and the audience. This theory focuses on the concept of focus and examines the relationship of imaginary elements between the narrator, characters, and audience, including abstract elements, tangible aspects, actors, narrator, and audience. This framework makes analyzing different characters, audiences, and narrative modes easier. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method based on Jaap LintVelt theory to examine the narrative typology and the narratoraudience relationship related to the narrative, story, and characters in the “Sahil alJawad al-Abyad” collection investigated by Zakaria Tamer. The results suggested that Tamer uses the homogeneous narrative in seven stories of the book's eleven stories, where the narrator performs the dual function of plot and exposition. Tamer strives to engage the audience and makes his character understandable by creating an appropriate atmosphere and articulating specific sentences and expressions. In these stories, he uses surrealistic elements such as imagination, contemplation of death, disobedience, and similar elements to provide a detailed depiction of the prevailing conditions during the act of narration, to engage the audience and make his characters relatable. In some stories, Tamer successfully addresses the current problems of young people such as poverty and unemployment using an asynchronous narrative technique. Furthermore, the results suggested that Tamer effectively integrated narrative-discursive strategies and techniques into the story content.