Explaining the Existence of the Effect Relation and Its Consequences in the Interpretation of Some Monotheistic Verses

One of the most important innovations of Ṣadr al-Mutiʾallihīn (Arabic: صدرالمتالهین), the theologian, in the field of ontology is the theory of the copulative existence of the effect, which plays a significant role in drawing the relationship between the existence of God and those other than Him. The true instance of existence and self-existence (essentially) is only God, and the multiplicity and possible objects acquire an existential character with the appearance of God’s existence, and their existence is accidental, which is only gradation conceivable in them due to the true unity of God’s existence. The union of limitation mode and causation in the specific particular gradation (Arabic: تشکیک خاص الخاصی) is understood from the point of view of Ṣadr al-Mutiʾallihīn and will be compatible with the individual oneness (particular unity) of existence. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, according to Ṣadr al-Mutiʾallihīn’s interpretation of the theory of the copulative existence of the effect, the conclusion that was reached was that the stronger the levels of existence and it is closer to the intrinsic obligation, the more perfections and simplicity that existence will have, but this rule is based on the specific particular gradation, which is that every perfection belongs to the true existence of God firstly and essentially, and it has been realized in possible things in a greatness way secondly and accidently, because the real essential being and the true perfection are exclusive to God, and the possible objects, whether in existence or perfection, are among His manifestations and greatness.