Experimental investigation and optimization of the effect of process parameters in bone machining on bone surface quality

Bone drilling is a common procedure in orthopedics. During the bone drilling process, heat is generated, which can lead to cell death and consequently alter the mechanical properties of the bone. Additionally, the surface quality of the drilled area changes depending on the drilling parameters, which can significantly affect the healing period, treatment success, and the patient's pain experience. This study aims to identify the drilling process parameters that influence the surface quality of bone drilling to approach minimally invasive surgery. The rotational speed, feed rate, and tool diameter in the drilling process affect the bone temperature and axial force, impacting the surface quality. In this research, fresh femur bone from a 3-year-old cow with a cortical bone thickness of 9–11 mm in the diaphysis was used. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that a rotational speed of 50 rpm, a feed rate of 50 mm/min, and a tool diameter of 2.5 mm be used during the drilling process to reduce cracking and surface roughness in the drilled area.