A Comparative Study on the Protection of the Right to Life of Children in Islamic Teachings and International Institutions

The right to life is one of the most fundamental rights of every human being. Preserving this right for children, who are among the most vulnerable members of society, must be given special attention. However, does this attention have a basis in international institutions? Has Islam, as the most complete religion, considered this right in its teachings and principles? By studying the verses of the Quran and Islamic jurisprudence, it can be understood that the term "right to life" is not explicitly mentioned in Islamic texts. However, considering the severe prohibition and condemnation of killing human beings, especially children, in religious texts, this right and the protection of human life, particularly of children, can be inferred. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has also recognized the right to life as a fundamental principle for children's rights, which must be considered under all circumstances. This article, using a descriptive-analytical approach, not only establishes the right to life of children from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and international law but also examines the duties of governments in providing comprehensive protection of children's rights. This includes legislation prohibiting abortion by extending the period of childhood to before birth, the prohibition of the execution of children, the prohibition of torture, and other supportive legislative measures for children.