The place of trust and trust-building components in Kelileh and Demneh

Trust is amongst the important issues reflected in literary texts, especially Kelileh and Demneh. Accordingly, the present study aims at investigating this issue in the view of sociologists such as Giddens, Fukuyama, and Putnam using the documentary study method. Research findings show that the atmosphere of the society described in Kelileh and Demneh is a kind of atmosphere in which trust-building norms and values are not seen and trust is threatened by hazards such as the impermanence of worldly life, natural disasters, diseases, weakness of political institutions and the spread of moral abnormalities. Such threats have given prominence to rational trust in Kelileh and Demneh; it means that the individuals trust each other on the basis of the profit and loss computation, and trust is a relative issue such that it is neither the complete trust in friends nor pure distrust in enemies. Trust radius is confined to the network of friends and relatives. However, others can also enter these networks through examination. To this purpose, people's life history must be investigated and analyzed and their moral, social, and personality traits should be known. Therefore, the trusted and trustworthy people should be wise, skilled and committed scientists who not only surrender to the superior but also criticize in such a way to avoid offending others. Moral traits such as doing good to others, kindness, forgiveness, and not paying attention to slanderous talks of the others, play an important role in attracting the subordinates' trust in superiors, and traits such as truthfulness, trusteeship, self-control, secrecy and benevolence are effective in attracting the superiors' trust in subordinates.